Esikhathini esingokwesiko sokwenza izinto ezithuthukile, ama-polythert ether ketone (e-Peek) amele njengebhentshi lokusebenza kwama-polymers-kanye nezinto ezisetshenzisiwe, aqine kulezi zinto ezethembekile, ukuqina nokumelana nezimo ezedlulele akunakuphikiswa. Ngokungafani nama-plastitics ajwayelekile noma ngisho namanye ama-polymers wobunjiniyela (afana ne-nylon noma i-acetal), i-peek inikeza inhlanganisela engenakuqhathaniswa yokuqina okushisayo, ukumelana kwamakhemikhali, amandla omshini, kanye nokuqina. Lokhu kwenza Izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Peek zilungele ukusetshenziswa e-Aerospace, ezithunzini, ezokwelashwa, uwoyela kanye negesi, kanye nemikhakha ye-elekthronikhi - lapho izingxenye kufanele zibekezelele amazinga okushisa aphezulu, amakhemikhali anzima, imithwalo esindayo, noma izindawo eziyinyumba. Ukusuka ekukhetheni kahle ama-aerospace fasteners ezifakwayo ze-biocomppeates, izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe zebhuloho igebe phakathi kwesayensi yezinto ezibonakalayo kanye nesidingo sezimboni, ukuletha izixazululo eziphuma izinsimbi zendabuko namapulasitiki. Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uhlola zonke izici zezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Peeek, ezivela ezingxenyeni ezihlukile ze-Peek Resin yokukhiqiza amasu, ukwakheka kwekhwalithi, okubonisa ukuthi kungani zingokwezinto ezikhethiwe zezicelo zezimboni.

　　1. Isayensi ye-Peek: kungani i-polymer yokusebenza ephezulu

　　Ukuze uqonde ukuphakama kwezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe, kubalulekile ukuqala kabusha izakhiwo ezingokwemvelo ze-peek resin-a semicrystalline thermoplastic polymer enesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele se-molecular esifaka ngezici zokusebenza okuhlukile. Kuthuthukiswe ngo-1980s nguVictrex Plc, selokhu yaba yindinganiso yegolide yama-polmer asebenza kakhulu, ngenxa yekhono lawo lokugcina ukusebenza kwezinye izindawo ezifunwa kakhulu.

　　1.1 Izakhiwo ezibalulekile ze-Peek Resin: Isisekelo sezingxenye zokusebenza okuphezulu

　　Ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana ka-Peek - okwakhiwa ukuphindaphinda kwamaqembu e-ether nama-ketone - kukunikeza isethi yezakhiwo ezenza ukuthi zivelele phakathi kwezinto zokwenza ubunjiniyela:

　　1.1.1 ukuqina okuhlukile okushisayo

　　UPeek ukhombisa ukumelana okumangazayo kwamazinga okushisa aphezulu, ngokushisa okuqhubekayo kwensiza okufika ku-260 ° C (500 ° F) nendawo yokuncibilika ye-343 ° C (650 ° C). Lokhu kusho ukuthi izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Peek zingasebenza ngokuthembekile ezindaweni lapho amapulasitiki ajwayelekile angancibilika, i-warp, noma eyehlazeke - izinhlelo zokuphelelwa kwezimoto, noma izinsiza zezimboni. Ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa athe xaxa, ugcina amandla awo emishini: ulahlekelwa ngamaphesenti angama-20 kuphela amakhono awo ashukumisayo lapho edalulwa ama-nylon afana ne-100 ° C / 212 ° F) noma i-aluminium (ethambisa kakhulu ngaphezulu kwama-200 ° C).

　　Ngokwengeziwe, i-Peek inokumelana okuhle kwelangabi Lokhu kwenza izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Peek zilungele ukusetshenziswa e-Aerospace, ezokuhamba zomphakathi, kanye nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza lapho ukuphepha komlilo kubalulekile.

　　1.1.2 Ukumelana Kwamakhemikhali Okuphakeme

　　I-Peek imelana kakhulu namakhemikhali anokhahlo, kufaka phakathi ama-acid, ama-alkali, ama-solvents, amafutha, kanye namafutha - ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphakeme. Ngokungafani nezinsimbi (okuyi-Corpode) noma amanye amapulasitiki (ancibilika noma avuvukala), izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Peek zigcina ubuqotho babo bokuhleleka lapho kuvezwa:

　　Ama-acid aqinile (e.g., i-sulfuric acid, i-hydrochloric acid) ekugxiliseni kuze kube ngu-50%.

　　I-Alkalis eqinile (e.g., Sodium Hydroxide) ekugxiliseni kuze kube ngu-30%.

　　I-Organic Solvents (E.G., Acetone, Methanol, Petroli, JET Fuel).

　　Uwoyela wezimboni kanye nezithako zezimboni (e.g., uwoyela wenjini, uketshezi lwe-hydraulic).

　　Lokhu kumelana kwamakhemikhali kwenza izingxenye ze-Peek zihlelwe kahle ukuze zisetshenziswe emishini yokushayela uwoyela nasephepheni (kuvezwe uketshezi oluhlanzayo kanye nokuvutha uketshezi), izitshalo zokufaka amakhemikhali (ezivezwe ama-realems ezisebenzayo (ezivezwe yi-ackol blends).

　　1.1.3 Amandla aphezulu okusebenza nokuqina

　　I-Peek ihlanganisa amandla aphezulu, ukuqina, kanye nokumelana nomthelela - ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphezulu - okwenza kube ngenye indlela ebonakalayo yezinsimbi ezinjenge-aluminium, insimbi, noma i-titanium kuzinhlelo eziningi. Izakhiwo ezibalulekile zemishini zifaka:

　　Amandla we-Tensile: 90-100 MPA (13,000-14-14 500 PSI) emazingeni okushisa asekamelweni, aqhathaniswa ne-aluminium.

　　I-Flexiral modulus: 3.8-4.1 GPA (550,000-595,000 PSI), enikeza ukuqina okuhle kwezinto ezinhlelekile.

　　Ukumelana nomthelela: Ithod ithod ithod ithonya amandla angu-8-12 kJ / m², okwenza kube ukumelana nokushaqeka noma imithwalo engazelelwe.

　　Gqoka Ukumelana: I-Peek ine-coefficients ephansi yokungqubuzana (0.3-0.4 ngensimbi) kanye nokumelana nokuqina okukhulu, ikakhulukazi lapho kugcwele izinto eziqinisa njenge-carbon fiber noma i-PTFE (polytetrafluoroethleleneene). Lokhu kwenza izingxenye ezihleliwe ze-Peek zilungele ukuthwala, amagiya kanye nezinto ezishelelayo ezidinga impilo yenkonzo ende ngaphandle kokuthambisa.

　　I-Peek ibuye ibuye ibonise ukumelana kahle nokukhathala okuhle: ingamelana nemithwalo ye-cyclic ephindaphindwayo ngaphandle kokwehluleka, impahla ebalulekile yezakhi ezinjengama-aerospace fasteners noma izingxenye zokumiswa kwezimoto ezihambisana nengcindezi engapheli.

　　1.1.4 I-BioCOMTIL NOKUTHENGA

　　Okwezokwelapha, ukubekeka kwe-Peek's BIOCOMPUTIWE ngumguquki womdlalo. Kuvunyelwe yimizimba yokulawula efana ne-FDA (U.S. Ukudla kanye Nezidakamizwa Ukuphathwa Kwezidakamizwa) ne-CE (conformité Européenne) ukuze isetshenziswe kumadivayisi wezokwelapha angenakufinyeleleka, njengoba kunjalo:

　　Akubangeli impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba noma ukudala ukwenqatshwa kwezicubu kwezicubu.

　　Ukumelana nokuwohloka komzimba womuntu (awekho ama-toxins angenazimpawu).

　　Ingafakwa inzalo kusetshenziswa zonke izindlela zezokwelapha ezijwayelekile, kufaka phakathi i-autoclaving (inzalo kamusi ngo-134 ° C / 273 ° F), i-gamma radiation, ne-ethylene oxisization (ETO) inzalo (i-ethylene oxisization (e-Ethylene oxisization (ETO) inzalo (ETO).

　　Lokhu kwenza izingxenye ezihleliwe ze-Peek zilungele izimilo zama-orthopedic (e.g.

　　1.1.5 Ukufakwa kukagesi

　　I-Peek ingumthakisi we-Electrical wekagesi omuhle kakhulu, onomsindo wevolumu we> 10¹⁶ ω ω · · cm namandla e-dielectric we-25-30 kV / mm. Igcina izakhiwo zayo ezibangela i-infatures ngisho nasemazingeni okushisa aphezulu nasezindaweni ezinomswakama, izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe zilungele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlelweni zikagesi nakwezogesi - njengezixhumi ze-Histeret Cleequr, kanye nokufakwa kwamabhethri kagesi (eV). Ngokungafani namanye ama-ceramics (anama-briptics) noma amanye amapulasitiki (anciphisa ama-plastitics (alahlekelwe yizakhiwo zokufakelwa emazingeni okushisa aphezulu), i-Peek ihlanganisa ukusebenza kukagesi ngokuqina kwemishini.

　　2

　　I-Peek's Praceties eyingqayizivele ye-Peek - iphuzu eliphakeme lokuncibilika, ukubonakala okuphezulu ku-molten state-dinga izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezikhethekile ukudala izingxenye eziqondile, ezisezingeni eliphakeme. Ukukhethwa kwenqubo kuncike ekuxakekeni kwengxenye, ivolumu, kanye nezidingo zokusebenza. Ngezansi kunamasu okukhiqiza ajwayelekile kakhulu wezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe:

　　2.1 Ukuhlanganiswa komjovo: Ukukhiqizwa kwenani eliphakeme lezingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi

　　Ukuhlolisisa umjovo kuyinqubo esetshenziswa kakhulu yokukhiqiza izingxenye ezi-Peek ezisezingeni eliphakeme nge-geometries eyinkimbinkimbi (e.g., amagiya, izixhumi, izixhumanisi zezokwelashwa). Inqubo ifaka:

　　Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo: I-Peek Resin (imvamisa efomini le-pellet, kwesinye isikhathi kugcwele ukuqiniswa okufana ne-carbon fiber noma i-fiber fiber) yomiswa ukususa umswakama (okuqukethwe komswakama kumele kube <0.02% ukuvikela ukugcwala noma ukuqhekeka engxenyeni yokugcina).

　　Ukuncibilika kanye nokujova: I-resin eyomile yondliwa emshinini wokubumba umjovo, lapho ifudunyezwa khona ku-360-400 ° C (680-752 ° F) ukuze i-PelTing Point - ukuze wakhe i-polymer ebiwe. I-molten peek ifakwe ngokucindezela okuphezulu (100-200 MPA / 14,500-29,000 PSI) kwi-cavity enobumbano yensimbi enokulungiswa.

　　Ukupholisa nokubumba: Ukubumba kupholile ku-120-180 ° C (248-356 ° F) ukuvumela i-peek ukuthi i-crystallize (isakhiwo semithirtalline ibalulekile kumandla emishini). Uma sekupholile, isikhunta siyavulwa, futhi ingxenye yahlulwa.

　　I-Post-Processing: Izingxenye zingahle zinciphise (ukususa impahla eyeqile), ukuncipha (ukunciphisa izingcindezi zangaphakathi futhi uthuthukise ukuzinza kobukhulu), noma ukuqeda indawo (isb.

　　Ukubumba kokuwohloka kunikeza izinzuzo eziningana zezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Peek:

　　Ukunemba okuphezulu: Izikhunta zingakhiqiza izingxenye ngokubekezelelana okuqinile (± 0.01 mm ezingxenyeni ezincane), ezibucayi ze-aerospace noma izinhlelo zokusebenza zezokwelapha.

　　IVolumu ephezulu: Ilungele ukukhiqizwa kwabantu abaningi (izingxenye eziyi-10,000 +), ngekhwalithi engaguquki kuwo wonke ama-batch.

　　I-geometries eyinkimbinkimbi: ingakhiqiza izingxenye ngezinto ezingaphansi, izindonga ezincanyana, kanye nemininingwane eyinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukuyifinyelela nezinye izinqubo.

　　Kodwa-ke, ukubumba kokujova kudinga izindleko eziphezulu eziphambili zokuthola amandla okubumba (ikakhulukazi isikhunta sensimbi), okwenza kube mncane ngokomnotho ngokukhiqizwa kwevolumu ephansi.

　　I-2.2 CNC MachingAMING: IVolumu ephansi, izingxenye ezinengqondo eziphakeme

　　I-Computer Numberical Control (CNC) Machingining iyinqubo ekhethwayo yezingxenye eziphansi ze-Peek esetshenzisiwe, ama-prototypes, noma izingxenye ezinama-geometries ayinkimbinkimbi okunzima ukujova isikhunta (isb., Izingxenye ezinkulu zezokwelashwa). Inqubo isebenzisa imishini elawulwa yikhompyutha (ama-mill, ama-lathe, ama-routers) ukususa impahla kusuka ku-slow spert block (eyaziwa ngokuthi "okungenalutho") ukudala ukwakheka okufiselekayo.

　　Izinyathelo ezibalulekile kwimishini ye-CNC ye-Peek:

　　Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo: Izikhala ezi-Peek eziqinile (ezitholakala ngamashidi, izinduku, noma amabhlogo) zikhethwe ngokususelwa kusayizi wengxenye nezidingo zokusetshenziswa okujwayelekile, okugcwaliswe nge-peek (i-carbon fiber, i-fiber yengilazi) yamandla athuthukisiwe.

　　Ukuhlelwa: I-CAD (I-Computer-Edided Design) Isoftware yengxenye yenziwe, ne-cam (ukukhiqiza okuyisisekelo kwekhompyutha) kwakha i-Toolpath ngomshini we-CNC, icacisa amathuluzi okusika, isivinini, kanye nokuphakelwa.

　　Ukufakwa ngemishini: I-Peek Blank ivikelekile ekusebenzeni komshini we-CNC, futhi umshini usebenzisa amathuluzi wokusika akhethekile (i-speed ephezulu yensimbi noma i-carbide) ukususa impahla. Iphuzu eliphakeme likaPeek eliphezulu lidinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwesivinini sokusika (imvamisa 50 m / amaminithi) futhi okuphakelayo ukuvikela ukugcwala ngokweqile (okungadala ukuncibilika, ukucwilisa noma ithuluzi).

　　Ukuqeda: Izingxenye ezichazwe mali zingama-deciburd (ukususa imiphetho ebukhali), ukuhlanza, futhi kungahle kuncishiswe ukunciphisa izingcindezi ezisele.

　　I-CNC maching inikeza izinzuzo eziningana zezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Peek:

　　Izindleko eziphansi ze-Upkip: Alikho ithuluzi lokubumba elidingekayo, okwenza lilungele ama-prototypes noma amabhendi amancane (izingxenye eziyi-1-1000).

　　Ukuguquguquka okuphezulu: Kuguqulwe kalula ukuklama ushintsho - mane uvuselele uhlelo lwe-CAD / CAM, asikho isidingo sokushintsha isikhunta.

　　Ukubekezelelana okuqinile: Kufinyelela ukubekezelelana njengokuqina njenge-

　　Ukukhawulelwa okuyinhloko kwemishini ye-CNC ukungcola okubonakalayo - kufika ku-70% we-Peek Blank kungasuswa izingxenye eziyinkimbinkimbi - okwenza kube kubize ngokwengeziwe ngengxenye ngayinye kunemisindo ephakeme.

　　2.3 Ukukhiqiza okungezansi (ukuphrinta kwe-3D): ngokwezifiso, ama-prototypes ayinkimbinkimbi kanye nezingxenye

　　Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe (AM), noma ukuphrinta kwe-3D, kuqhamuke njengenqubo yokuguqula izinguquko ekhiqizwa izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe zenkambiso - ikakhulukazi ama-prototypes, izingxenye zevolumu eziphansi, noma izingxenye ezinezinhlaka zangaphakathi eziyinkimbinkimbi (Izakhi ze-Aerospents ezingasindi). Inqubo evame kakhulu ye-Peek ye-Peek ye-Filament Fabrication (FFF) (eyaziwa nangokuthi yimodeli yokufaka imodeli, i-FDM), okubandakanya:

　　Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo: I-Peek Fidament (1.75 mm noma i-2.85 mm

　　Ukuphrinta kwe-3D: I-filament yondliwa i-extruder evuthayo (360-400 ° C) yephrinta ye-FFF 3D, lapho incibilikisiwe futhi incishiswe ungqimba ngongqimba ethafeni elivuthayo lokwakha (120-180 ° C). Iphrinta ilandela imodeli eyenziwe yi-CAD yokwakha ingxenye, ngesibopho ngasinye sesendlalelo kwangaphambilini.

　　Ukusebenza okuthunyelwe: Izingxenye eziphrintiwe zisuswa epuletini yokwakha, zihlanzwa, futhi zingangena ngaphakathi (ukuthuthukisa ama-crystallity kanye namandla okusekelwa (uma ingxenye esezingeni eliphezulu), noma ukuqeda indawo (isb.

　　Ukukhiqiza okungeziwe kunikeza izinzuzo ezihlukile ze-Peek ecubunguliwe:

　　I-Design Freeled: ingakhiqiza izingxenye nge-geometries eyinkimbinkimbi (E.G., iziteshi zangaphakathi, izakhiwo zezitha) okungenakwenzeka ukufeza ngomjovo wokubumba noma ngemishini ye-CNC.

　　Ukwenza ngokwezifiso: Ilungele izingxenye zodwa noma izakhi ezenziwe ngezifiso-e.g.

　　I-PrototyPhing esheshayo: Yehlisa isikhathi sokwenza ama-prototypes kusuka emavikini (nge-imjoction yokubumba) ezinsukwini, ukusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo.

　　Kodwa-ke, izingxenye eziphrintiwe ze-3d eziphrintiwe zivame ukuba namandla aphansi emishini kunemishini yokujova noma imishini (ngenxa yezinkinga ezinamakhaza) futhi adinga amaphrinta akhethekile (akwazi ukucubungula okuphezulu) kanye nokusebenza ngemuva kokuhlangabezana nezidingo zokusebenza.

　　2.4 Ukubumba kokucindezela: izingxenye ezinkulu, ezinodonga olubi

　　Ukubumba kokucindezela kusetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza izingxenye ezinkulu, isb. Inqubo ifaka:

　　Ukulungiswa Kwezinto Ezibonakalayo: I-Peek Resin (imvamisa nge-powder noma ifomu le-granular) libekwe emgodini ovuthayo womuntu (180-220 ° C).

　　Ukucindezelwa nokushisa: Isikhunta sivaliwe, futhi ingcindezi (10-50 MPA / 1,450-7,250 PSI) isetshenziswa e-resin. Isikhunta sivalelwa ku-360-400 ° C ukuncibilikisa nokwelapha i-peek.

　　Ukupholisa nokubumba: Isikhunta sipholile ku-120-180 ° C, futhi ingxenye iye yadilizwa. Ukucubungula okuthunyelwe (ukuncipha, ukunxusa) kungadingeka.

　　Ukubumba kokucindezela kuyabiza kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezinkulu futhi kuvumela amazinga aphezulu okuqinisa (isb.

　　I-3. Izinhlobo zezingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Peek: ehambisana nezidingo eziqondene nezimboni

　　Izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Peek zitholakala ezinhlotsheni ezahlukahlukene, ngalinye liklanyelwe ukufeza izidingo ezihlukile zemboni ethile. Ngezansi kunezigaba ezivame kakhulu, ezihlelwe ngumkhakha wohlelo lokusebenza:

　　3.1 Izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Aerospace ne-Aviation Peek

　　Umkhakha we-Aerospace ufuna izinto ezingasindi, amandla aphezulu, futhi amelana namazinga okushisa athe xaxa kanye namakhemikhali ecubungulwa izingxenye ziwukhetho oluhle. Izicelo ezijwayelekile ze-aerospace zifaka:

　　Ama-Fasteners: Ama-Bolts e-Peek, amantongomane, kanye nama-washers athatha indawo yensimbi yensimbi ezindabeni zezindiza (e.g., amaphaneli amakhabethe, izihlalo) nezindawo zenjini. I-Peek Fasteners inciphisa isisindo (kuze kufike ku-50% uma iqhathaniswa ne-aluminium) ngenkathi kumenyezelwa amazinga okushisa afinyelela ku-260 ° C.

　　Ama-Bearings kanye nama-bushings: amabhele e-Peek (avame ukugcwala nge-PTFE ngokufudumala okuphansi) asetshenziswa kugiya lokufika, abalandeli benjini nezinhlelo zokulawula. Basebenza ngaphandle kokuthambisa (okubucayi kwe-aerospace, lapho ukuvuza khona okuthambisayo kungadala ukwehluleka) futhi kumelane nokugqokwa kothuli, emfucumfucumfulayo kanye namazinga okushisa athe xaxa.

　　Izakhi zikagesi: Izixhumi ze-Peek, ama-insulators, kanye nezinsizakalo zeBhodi yesekethe ezisetshenziselwa ezinhlelweni ze-Avionics (e.g., navigation, amadivaysi okuxhumana). Bagcina ukufakwa kukagesi emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi bamelana nokuchayeka ku-jet kaphethiloli kanye ne-hydraulic fluids.

　　Izakhi zezakhiwo: izingxenye ze-Peek Composite (zigcwele nge-carbon fiber) zisetshenziswa ezingxenyeni ezingasindi zesakhiwo ezifana namaphiko, ama-cowlings enjini, namaphaneli angaphakathi. Lezi zingxenye zinikeza izilinganiso eziphezulu zamandla-kuya kwesisindo, kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamafutha endiza.

　　Izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe ze-Aerospace Peek kumele zihlangabezane namazinga ezimboni eziqinile (isb.

　　3.2 Izingxenye ze-Medical and Healthcare Peek ezisetshenzisiwe

　　I-BEEK's's BIOCATIWE, Ukuzitika kanye Namandla Emishini kungenza kube yinto eholayo yamadivayisi wezokwelapha. Izicelo ezejwayelekile zokwelashwa zifaka:

　　I-Orthopedic izimilo I-Modulus ye-Peek ye-Elasticity (3.8 GPA) iyafana neyamathambo womuntu (2-30 GPA), inciphisa ukucindezelwa kwengcindezi (inkinga ejwayelekile enezimila zensimbi ezingaholela ekulahlekelweni kwamathambo).

　　Izimila zamazinyo: imiqhele yamazinyo e-Peek, amabhuloho, nokufakwa kwezimali okumele kunikeza enye indlela ehambelana nensimbi noma i-ceramic. Bangasindi, ubuhle (bungaba umbala ukuze uhambisane namazinyo emvelo), futhi umelana nokugqoka kusuka ekuhlafuneni.

　　Izinsimbi zokuhlinza: Amandla we-Peek, isikhafu, kanye nezitholile zisetshenziswa ngokuhlinzwa okuncane okuhlaselayo. Bangasindi (benciphisa ukukhathala udokotela ohlinzayo), banenkani, futhi bemelana nokugqwala kusuka ekulimaleni kwegciwane lezokwelapha.

　　Izindlu zedivayisi yezokwelapha: Izindlu zasePeek zemishini yokuxilonga (isb.

　　Izingxenye ezisetshenzisiwe zezokwelapha zizohambisana nezidingo eziqinile zokulawula (isb.