Yini ishidi le-acrylic (PMMA)? Konke odinga ukukwazi

2025-09-27 15:02:15

　　Esikhathini esikhulu sezinto zokwakha zanamuhla zokwenziwa, bambalwa abazuze ubukhona be-Ubiquest kanye nokuguquguquka okumangalisayo kweshidi le-acrylic, eyaziwa nge-polymethyl methacrylate, noma i-PMMA. Kumphakathi jikelele, kuvame ukuhlangana ngaphansi kwamagama okuhweba ajwayelekile anjenge-plexiglas, i-lucite, noma i-ndob, kepha le ndima yonke imelela i-polymer ebalulekile ye-polymer eguqukayo ngengilazi yendabuko. Uhambo lwe-acrylic kusuka elukuluku lokufuna ukwazi okuqukethwe okwenziwa yimvelo yethu yansuku zonke kuyindaba yokwenziwa okusha okuqhutshwa isethi yayo eyingqayizivele yezakhiwo ezingokomzimba ezihlukile zempahla esetshenziswayo kanye nokusheshisa okumangazayo. Ukuqonda ukuthi Ishidi le-acrylic lidinga ukwedlula ukubukeka kwalo okufana nengilazi ukuze libonge isayensi nezinzuzo ezingokoqobo ezenza kube ukukhetha okubaluleke kakhulu konjiniyela, abadwebi, abaculi kanye nabathandi be-DIY ngokufanayo. Enhliziyweni yayo, i-acrylic iyi-thermoplastic, okusho ukuthi iba ithathekile futhi isebenza lapho ifudumala futhi iqinisa ukuphola, isimilo esivula umnyango we-myriad yamasu agqamile ekugobeni okulula.

　　Imvelaphi ye-PMMA iyathakazelisa njengezicelo zayo. Ngenkathi inqubo yamakhemikhali yokwakha i-acrylic acid yatholakala maphakathi nekhulu le-19, kwakungeyona kuze kube yikhulu lama-20 le mibhalo lathola ukubizwa kwalo kwangempela. Ngawo-1930s, osokhemisi be-Giant Giant Röhhm kanye ne-Haas eJalimane babehlakulela ngentshiseko ingilazi yokuphepha ukuze basebenzise ezimotweni. Umgomo wabo bekuwukudala impahla evuthayo engeke yathunga ngengozi ngenxa yomthelela. Ngesikhathi salo cwaningo, baphumelele ngempumelelo i-methyl methacrylate eshidini elicacile, eliqinile, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ingilazi yokuqala ye-acrylic eyakhelwa yezohwebo yazalwa. Isicelo sayo sokuqala esikhulu, noma kunjalo, sasingekho emafasiteleni ezimoto kodwa kuma-cockpits endiza yezempi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II. Ukucaciswa okuhlukile kokuqukethwe, okuhlanganiswe nesisindo sayo sokukhanya kanye nokumelana nokushayisana, kuhlinzekwe abashayeli bezindiza abanenzuzo enkulu, okunikeza ukubonakala okuphakeme nokuvikelwa. Lokhu kusetshenziswa okubucayi kwe-wartime kufakazele i-mettle ye-wortem futhi kwavela indlela yokuqhuma kwayo kubathengi be-peecotime kanye nezinto ezimakethe zezimboni ngemuva kwempi, lapho kwaqala khona ukufaka esikhundleni izibani zomsila wezimoto kuma-aquarium.

　　Mhlawumbe impahla eshayayo eshayayo yeshidi le-acrylic ukucaca kwayo okungekho emthethweni. Okokusebenzisa okuningi, akuyona nje enye indlela engilazi kepha ukuthuthuka okukhulu. I-acrylic ejwayelekile idlulisela kuze kufike ku-92% wokukhanya okubonakalayo, isibalo esidlula edlula izinhlobo eziningi zengilazi ezijwayelekile. Lokhu kudluliswa okuphezulu okuphezulu kuhambisana nobumsulwa be-Optical Optical, okusho ukuthi akunalo i-tint eluhlaza noma ye-bluish evame ukuhlotshaniswa nemiphetho yamaphaneli engilazi. Le khwalithi ecacile ye-crystal yenza kube okubonakalayo okukhethekile noma kuphi, umbono ongelona iqiniso ubaluleke kakhulu, njengasemafasiteni abukwayo we-suquariums, noma amafasitela amakhulu aphaneli e-aquariums omphakathi okumele aveke okuhlangenwe nakho kwamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izenzo ze-acrylic njengokuhlunga kwemvelo kokukhanya kwe-ultraviolet. Ngenkathi ivumela ukukhanya okubonakalayo ukuthi kudlule kungasebenzi, kuvimba ingxenye enkulu yemisebe ye-UV eyingozi yelanga. Le mpahla ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvikeleni ubuciko obubalulekile eminyuziyamu, ukuvimba izindwangu kanye nezinto zokufaka amakamelo eSanlit kusuka ekuphaphemeni, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwesikhathi eside kwezinto eziboniswe ngemuva kwayo.

　　Ngaphandle kokusebenza kwalo okubonakalayo, izinzuzo ezibonakalayo ze-acrylic ziningi futhi zinomthelela. Omunye wabaphawule kakhulu isisindo sawo; Ipulasitiki ye-acrylic isikala cishe isigamu njengengxenye yengilazi efanayo yevolumu efanayo. Lokhu kuncishiswa okukhulu kwesisindo kunemiphumela enkulu yokuthola izinto, ukwesekwa kwesakhiwo nokufakwa kalula. Kwabakhi bezakhiwo ukuklama amakhambi amakhulu noma izindonga zekhethini, ukusetshenziswa kwe-acrylic kungakwenza lula uhlelo olusekelayo futhi kunciphise imithwalo yokwakha yonke. Ukuze uthole umphathi wezitolo okufaka icala elikhulu lokubonisa noma uphawu, uhlobo olungasindile lwezinto ezibonakalayo lwenza ukuphatha nokubeka umsebenzi omncane kakhulu obabazekayo. Lokhu kukhanya kuhambisana nobulukhuni obubhekisisa ukubukeka okubonakalayo. I-acrylic imelana nomthelela omkhulu, ngokuba cishe izikhathi eziyi-10 kuye kwezingu-17 kunamandla ku-Indon Glass ejwayelekile yokulwa nemithelela ebukhali. Lokhu kuqina kwenza kube yizinto zokuphepha zokuphepha zikhanyisa izindawo ezifana nezindawo ezifana nezikole, amabhasi, amajele kanye namabhungo okuphepha kufanele kuncishiswe. Lapho i-acrylic yehluleka ngaphansi kwamandla amakhulu, kunjalo ngendlela ephetha kakhulu kunengilazi. Esikhundleni sokushayisana kubukhali obukhali, afana ne-shards, kuvame ukuqhekeka kube yizicucu ezinkulu, izingcezu ezibuthakathaka, ukunciphisa kakhulu ingozi yokulimala.

　　Ukuguquguquka okuhlukahlukene kwe-Acrylic Sheet akunqunyelwe kwifomu lakhe elicacile le-Crystal. Okuqukethwe kutholakala ngephalethi elicishe lingenamkhawulo lemibala, opopacides, kanye nokwenziwa, okunwebeka kakhulu amandla alo design. Ingatholakala ku-Opaque, ama-vibrant hues alungele izibonakaliso zesimanjemanje namaphaneli wokuhlobisa, izinhlobo eziguqukayo ezisebenzisa ukukhanya kancane kalula kwezicelo zokukhanyisa, kanye nokuqedwa okubunjiwe noma kwensimbi edala imiphumela emangalisa yokubuka. Izindawo ezenziwe ngombhalo, njengezinduna, ezinemibala, noma ezinamakhanda, zingasetshenziswa ukuhlinzeka ngobumfihlo, zisakaze ukukhanya ngokulinganayo, noma zimane zengeze ubukhulu bokuhlehlisa. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kusho ukuthi i-acrylic ikhulu kakhulu ekhaya esitolo sezitolo esiphakeme njengoba isendaweni yesayensi. Imvelo yayo njenge-thermoplastic iyisihluthulelo sokuhlobana kwayo kokuvimbela. Lapho kufuthelwa emazingeni okushisa akwakheka (ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-150-160 ° C noma 300-320 ° F), i-acrylic iba ithambile futhi ingabunjwa kalula ibe yibunjwa obuyinkimbinkimbi, abathathu. Le nqubo, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-thermoforming, isetshenziselwa ukudala yonke into emilenzeni yokugeza, emile ethambekele emagumbini okugeza kwanamuhla ezindaweni zokugezela ze-aerodynamic ezimotweni kanye nemibukiso yangokwezifiso esetshenziswa kwimibukiso yezohwebo. Leli khono elizokwakhiwa kalula livumela kalula izinga lenkululeko yokuqamba engenakwenzeka ngengilazi.

　　Kulabo abafisa ukusebenza nge-acrylic, ukusebenziseka kwayo kuyinzuzo enkulu. Ingabhalwa phansi futhi yaqanjwa kusetshenziswa amathuluzi atholakala ngokujwayelekile emihlanganweni yokusebenzela ehlomele kahle. Ngokuncipha komugqa oqondile, ithuluzi lokuthola amaphuzu elilula lingasetshenziswa ukuklabha umugqa ojulile ungene ebusweni, ngemuva kwalokho ishidi lingagwijwa kahle eduze kwesikolo. Ngama-curves ama-curves amancane nobukhulu, ama-jigsaws, ama-band saw, noma ama-cnc ama-routers anama-blade aklanyelwe ipulasitiki angakhiqiza imiphetho eqondile. Izimbobo zokumba futhi ziqondile, yize kudinga ukunakekelwa ukugwema ukukhiqiza ukushisa ngokweqile, okungancibilika ipulasitiki futhi kudale ukuthi kube yi-chip noma ukuqhekeka; Kusetshenziswa ama-bits abukhali kanye nejubane lokushayela elihamba kancane kubalulekile. Ubuciko beqiniso bokusebenza nge-acrylic, noma kunjalo, buvame kakhulu kwinqubo yokujoyina. Ngokungafani nengilazi, eyayizodinga ama-fasteners emishini, izingcezu ze-acrylic zingafakwa ngamakhemikhali ndawonye ngokusebenzisa usimende okhethekile we-solvent. Le solvent yoketshezi isetshenziswa emaphethelweni e-acrylic ukuze ihlanganiswe, lapho ihlanganisa okwesikhashana amaketanga we-polymer. Lapho lezi zingcezu ezimbili zicindezelwa ndawonye, ​​la maketanga ahlangana ahlangana futhi aqine njengoba i-solvent ivele ivele iqinile njengezinto ezibonakalayo ezivame ukuba ziqinile njengezinto ezibonakalayo ezivame ukuba zibe khona njengezinto zomzali uqobo futhi, lapho kwenziwa kahle, cishe akubonakali. Lokhu kuvumela ukwakhiwa kwamabhokisi angenamthungo, ukuboniswa, kanye nama-aquarium anokubukeka okungenasici, kwe-monolithic.

　　Naphezu kwamandla ayo amaningi, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukulinganiselwa kwe-acrylic ukuze uyisebenzise ngempumelelo. I-Drawback evame kakhulu ekhonjiwe ukuncipha kwayo ukuklabha. Ngenkathi ukumelana nomthelela wayo kuphakeme, ubulukhuni bawo bungaphansi kunengilazi, okwenza ukuthi bathambekele ekuqhekekeni okuhle kusuka ku-abrasion. Kodwa-ke, lo magazini uvame ukweqiwa. Imidwebo emincane engaphezulu ingavalwa kaningi kusetshenziswa izimpukane zepulasitiki ezikhethekile noma ngisho nokuhlupha okuncane njengezinyo zokucwazimula. Ngezicelo lapho ukumelana khona kweSktrakt ukumelana, njenge-tabletop noma umgoqo ovame ukuhlanzwa, abakhiqizi banikela ngamamaki avimbela abrasic Okunye ukucatshangelwa ukusabela kwayo ekushiseni okukhulu, kwasendaweni. Ngenkathi i-acrylic inesimo sezulu esihle kunazo zonke futhi ingamelana nokuhluka kwezinga lokushisa kuzilungiselelo zangaphandle, akufanele isetshenziswe eduze kwelangabi elivulekile noma umthombo ophakeme kakhulu, njengoba kungathambisa, kuncibilike, noma kungashubile. Izinga layo lokunwebeka liphakeme kakhulu kunaleso sengilazi, okusho ukuthi ukufaka okufakiwe kufanele kuvume ukunyakaza okuncane ku-Framing ukuvimbela ukucindezela kusuka nokwenza imifantu.

　　Ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwe-acrylic, ikakhulukazi ngaphandle, kuyinto evumayo ukuqina kwayo kwamakhemikhali. Ishidi le-acrylic eliphakeme liyamelana ngokuhlukile emiphumeleni ehlekisayo yokukhanya kwelanga nesimo sezulu. Akuphuzi noma kube yinhlekelele ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imodi evamile yokwehluleka kwamanye amapulasitiki amaningi. Lesi simo sezulu esiyingqayizivele yingakho i-acrylic iyinto ejwayelekile yezimpawu zangaphandle, ama-canopies wokwakha, nokulungiswa kokukhanya; Igcina ukucaca kwayo namandla ayo eminyakeni eyishumi noma ngaphezulu ngokulungiswa okuncane. Ukuhlanza i-acrylic kuwumsebenzi olula, kepha kufanele kwenziwe kahle ukuze kugcinwe ubuhle bayo. Indlela Enconyiwe ukugeza ingaphezulu ngamanzi ukususa noma iyiphi i-grit evulekile, bese uyisula ngobumnene ngendwangu ethambile, engenayo noma isiponji esithambile noma isiponji esithambile esifakwe kwikhambi le-Dluli lesepha noma okokuhlanza. Izihlanza ezi-Abrasive, imikhiqizo esekelwe e-ammonia efana ne-Window Cleaner, noma amathawula amaphepha anzima kufanele agwenywe ngokuqinile, ngoba nakanjani azokwakha inethiwekhi yokuhlwitha okuhle okuzoba yindawo ethile ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

　　Ekuphetheni, ukubuza "Yini ishidi le-acrylic?" ukubuza ngesinye sezinto zokwenziwa eziphumelela kakhulu neziguqukayo zezinkathi zanamuhla. Kungaphezu kokuthatha isikhundla sengilazi; Kuyinhlawulo ephezulu yokusebenza okunikezela inhlanganisela eyingqayizivele futhi ephoqelelayo yokucaciswa kwe-Optical, amandla ahlelekile, ukusebenziseka okulula, kanye nekhono lokufakelwa okungenakuqhathaniswa. Ukusuka endimeni yayo ebalulekile emlandweni wezindiza esimweni sayo samanje njengesiyingi ekwakhiweni, okuthengiswayo, ukuklama, kanye nobuchwepheshe, i-acrylic (PMMA) ithole indawo yayo ngokulindelwa okungaguquki ngokuqhubekayo. Ngokuqonda iphrofayili yayo ephelele - amandla alo, ubuthakathaka bayo, nezinqubo zayo ezifanelekile - abaklami, abakhi kanye nabenzi bangakwazi ukwenza amakhono awo aphephile, nemikhiqizo emihle kakhulu, futhi izixazululo ezingezinhle kakhulu. Kuyinto ebonakalayo engavumi nje kuphela ukukhanya kodwa futhi ibuye, iyayiqondisa, futhi ibambe ngokuphephile ngaphakathi kwezakhiwo ezihlala isikhathi eside njengoba zisobala.